Alexis+L.+-+ALD+-+FA10

**Chad-**
Age Structure: 0- 14 years- 47.7% 15- 64 years- 50.4% 65 and over- 2.9% Sex Ratio:
 * Geography:** Chad is a landlocked country in north central Africa, measuring 1,284,000 square kilometers. The country has deserts and mountains to the north, and tropics to the south. Lake Chad is the main water source for the country. The capital is N' Djamena.
 * Economy:** 80% of Chad's population relies on agriculture and farming for income. The U.S and China both have oil companies set up in Chad. Cotton and cattle provide the bulk of export earnings. Other exports include petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish, gold, limestone, sand, and salt.
 * Population**: 10,329,208
 * Social Structure**:

total population: 0.92 male(s)/female
Infant Mortality Rate: 98.69 deaths/ 1,000 live births Life Expectancy at Birth: 47.7 years

**Backround Information:**
Cadet Officer Training Aeronautic Institute, Amaury-le-Grange, France Superior Academy of War, Paris Chief of Staff in Armed Forces of the North Promoted as Colonel and Commander-in-Chief Military Advisor to President Habre

**References:**
Moammar Al Qadhafi- Financial contributions to start the Patriotic Salvation Movement, Brother Leader of the Revolution in Libya. Jacques Chirac- President of France, former colonial leader of Chad. Ma Ying- Jeou- President of Taiwan, aided Chad in financially and with security.

**Benchmarks by the Mo Ibrahim Foundation:**

 * Safety and Rule of Law-** Chad has children trafficking for labor and sexual exploitation. The government of Chad recognizes the trafficking, but has not done anything to stop it. There has been a lot of crime from the tensions with Sudan, but the UN is ending its peacekeeping mission there because it has been promised that the violence would stop. The rule of law is extremely corrupt, with fixed elections and not a strong judicial branch.
 * Participation and Human Rights-** Everyone in Chad is allowed to vote, though the actual participation of the elections are very low. Human rights are limited and punishable if abused. Security forces commited many human rights abuses, including rape, extrajudicial killings, beatings, and torture. Women in Chad face widespread discrimination and violence. It has been ranked the most corrupt country in the world on multiple occasions.
 * Sustainable Economic Opportunity-** The government of Chad controls most prices for economic activity. It's economy was ranked 159th freest, with a score of 47.5 out of 100. This score puts them lower than the regions average. Opening and closing a business in Chad usually takes twice the world average of 35 days. There are import and export fees and restrictions on most goods. Chad has very high taxes, with the highest being 60%.
 * Human Development-** Chad was ranked 170th out of 177 countries in the 2008 Human Development Index. Fighting with Sudan has lead to hundreds of thousands of refugees living in Chad, putting a strain on already limited resources. Malnutrition causes many infant births yearly. 35% of children are enrolled in school, and adult literacy rates are as low as 26%.

"Chad politics: Chadian-Sudanese ties improving." Economist Intelligence Unit: Country ViewsWire 14 Sept. 2010. Global Issues In Context. Web. 20 Sept. 2010. "CIA - The World Factbook." Welcome to the CIA Web Site — Central Intelligence Agency. Web. 20 Sept. 2010. . Macha, By Ndesanjo. "Biography for Idriss Deby - Silobreaker." Welcome - Silobreaker. Web. 20 Sept. 2010. .
 * Works Cited**