Basques+-+Pyrennes,+Spain+-+FA11

SourceURL:file://localhost/Users/14erishel/Desktop/Kyle%20and%20Erik%20Basques.doc// //By: Kyle Smith and Erik Rishel// The Basque People // __Location__ // // The Basques are also commonly referred to as the Euskadi. They live in three provinces called Alava, Guipuzcoa, and Vizcaya. These indigenous people live in the mountains between and in Spain and France, commonly known as the Pyrenees Mountains. The Basques are possibly the oldest ethnic group in Europe. //

// __Language__ // // The Basque people speak fluent Basque. The Basque’s language has some relation to Georgian and Caucasus. The Basque language stole and learned words from many different languages like French, Latin, Arabic, and others. The Language was created in the 16th century and used to be spoken in a bigger area than it is now. Now, more than 600,000 people speak Basque. The Basque language is Europe’s oldest speaking language. //

//__Beliefs__// // The Basques are considered a "culturally distinct Christian group." Before Christianity, the Basques were Roman Catholic and were monotheism by focusing on only one goddess named Mari (her movements affected weather). Mari had a consort, or husband, named Sugaar who also was worshipped. Basques believe in ethnical power and the power of creation and destruction (ETA). The Basques were also matriarchal, where woman ruled. Ignatius Loyola was a Basque and was the founder of society of Jesus. Basques through the 19th and 20th century were always going to church but recently the amount of people that attend has decreased. //

// __Values__ // // In the Basque country of Spain, bikes are relied on heavily due to the poor roads in the mountainous region. They even developed a high quality brand of bikes that is even featured in the Tour de France. Second, p eople in this area value fishing and farming because most of them come from a back round where this is where they got their main source of food. Using the land as a source their source of food, the Basque people also take great care of it. Third, the Basque people also take pride in themselves. They are a complete autonomy. This means they want to run themselves and also the people around them. Next, the Basque people value art because early Basque people painted things on cave walls. They painted horses and hands. Also in the arts, they value singing and dancing which they do in all the festivals they hold. Last, Basque people are also very good at building houses. They create house that are all white except for the shutters and some lines, which are usually pained red, blue, or green. //

//__Behaviors__// // The Basques are recognized as a terrorist group called the ETA, standing for Euskadi ta Askatasuna. The ETA actually means the "Basque Fatherland and Liberty," and was found in 1959. The ETA has been known to carry out terrorist attacks. They are responsible for an estimated 800 deaths and over 1,600 attacks. They have been know to use bombs to carry out their attacks on government officials, their main targets. The ETA seems to want political power because they always attack government officials. Also, ETA is willing to talk with the Spanish Government for a say in government, but they refuse to disarm themselves. //

// __Cultural Change__ // // The Basque people live in a rocky area where it is very difficult to drive with cars, so they created a bike called Orbea Bicycles. This made it easier to get around and now it is one of the world's most popular bikes. This impacted their culture economically because now all over the world these bikes are being sold and the Basque people receive money from it. Also, a change that the Basque people went through in culture was their religion. They went from Roman Catholic to Christianity. As Roman Catholic's, the Basques were big church goers and after the 20th century the amount of Basque people who attend church has decreased. The Basque society has become less religious and doesn't worship as much. //

Works Cited // 1. "Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) (Spain sepratists, Euskati ta Askatasura)." __Council on Foreign Relations.__ 17 Nov 2008. Council on Foreign Relations. 30 Aug 2011. < [] > //

// 1. This document was extremely important to me because it allowed me to find out the behaviors of the Basque people. It helped me notice how the Basque people will voice themselves with weapons to prove a point. // // *secondary source* //

// 2. "Basque Language." //Inspired By An Odd Angel//. Web. 30 Aug. 2011. < [] >. //

// 2. This website gave me a lot of information on the language of the Basques. It helped me realize why their language was so unique and how it is the oldest living language in Europe showing that it had much time to change, progress, and share words with other languages. // // *secondary source* //

// 3. Brown, Lorri. "History of the Basque Region." __West European History @ Suite 101.__ 19 Aug 2007. Suite 101. 30 Aug 2011. < [] > //

// 3. This website was crucial to me because it helped me discover the values of the Basque people. It allowed me to further explore my knowledge of the Basque's location to help me understand what they value. // // *secondary source* //

// 4. "Who Are the Basques?" //WiseGEEK: Clear Answers for Common Questions//. Web. 30 Aug. 2011. < [] >. //

// 4. This source I used to find out about the Basques religion. It helped because I was able to figure out their religion, what they worshipped, and how they did it. I learned that they worshipped a goddess named Mari. // // *secondary source* //

// 5. Howley, Andrew. "Prehistoric Cave Art Found in Basque Country." __National Geographic__. 13 May 2011. National Geographic Society. 30 Aug 2011. < [] > //

// 5. This source became very important because it helped me discover how old the Basque people really were by their cave drawings. It also showed me that they were interested in hands and horses. // // *Primary Source* //

// 6. "Bonjour." __France Monthly Like a Trip to La Belle France__. France Monthly. 30 Aug 2011. < [] > //

// 6. This article helped me see the culture by looking at the art. The Basque people look very modern with the type of buildings they created which are elegant. Last, it talked about how they loved to sing and dance. // // *Primary Source* //

// 7."Basque People: Encyclopedia II - Basque People - Culture." //Enlightenment - The Experience Festival//. Web. 30 Aug. 2011. < [] >.

7. I used this website to help find out more about religion, but it also showed their beliefs which was more than enough needed for the research. It said that the Basques were Roman Catholic but later became Christian. I also found that they believed in being matriarchal which is when a woman has more power than a man. *print source*