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Idriss Deby is the president of Chad.

**Geography** Chad is a landlocked country in the north central part of Africa. It is bordered by Libya, the Central African Republic, Sudan (the Darfur region), Cameroon, and Niger. Lake Chad is a very large lake surrounded by marshes. The Tibesti Mountains are located in the north of the country. In central Chad, the Bodele Depression, a shallow bowl, lies. Because the country is landlocked, Chad's economy has always suffered. It has also had to rely on foreign aid. Overall, Chad has an agricultural economy. Eighty percent of people rely on subsistence farming. Oil is one of Chad's natural resources and one of its main exports. However, some foreign companies have been discouraged to exploit Chad's resources because of internal struggle. Other important natural resources include gold and uranium. There are 10.7 million people as of 2011. Chad is a very diverse country. It was reported that there were 250,000 Sudanese refugees and 56,000 refugees from Central African Republic living in Chad. Chad has been very welcoming of the refugees, especially those of the Zaghawa tribe, or any other "African" people. **Social Structure** There are over 200 ethnic groups in Chad. The largest ethnic group is the Sara (27.7%), but there are also many Arabs (12.3%). Some of the most wealthy and powerful people in Chad are the Zaghawa because the president of Chad is of these people. However, these people make up a very small percentage of the people of Chad. The people of Chad speak French and Arab. The largest religions are Muslim (53.1%) and Catholic (20.1%) and Protestant (14.2%).
 * Economy**
 * Population**

Countries don't really support Idriss Deby as a leader, but many do want to help with the issues he is facing but is unable to solve. Chad was previously a colony of France until it won its independence. The current president of France, Nicolas Sarkozy, has stated that he would intervene in the humanitarian issues and help Deby if the situation got out of hand. There are also people in France who are trying to rescue the people of Chad from the rebels, and the military has defended the capitol of Chad, N'djamena and its airport. Idriss Deby has previously made alliances with many countries. He gained power in a coup taking the seat of president from Hissene Habre. This move was being supported by France, Libya, and Sudan. People from Chad have actually fled to Nigeria. Therefore, Nigeria is very interested in the stability of the Chadian government. There are tensions between Sudan and Chad over the border and the fact that they have opposing armed forces.
 * Supporting Opinions and Relations **

Idriss Deby is a part of the Bideyat clan of the Zaghawa. He was a young army officer in the 1980s. The president at that time was Habre, and Deby carried out violent acts against the Arabs in Chad. A failed coup against Habre forced him into exile to Darfur where he allied with the Chanadian Arab rebel groups. They helped him gain power back in Chad, and many people of the Zaghawa clan and other black African groups saw this as corruption.
 * Idriss Deby's Past Employment**

The safety of the people of Chad is not very high. In terms of national security, the government has been unable to control its borders. Many refugees from the neighboring country of Sudan have crossed over the border. Arab rebel groups from Sudan have also penetrated the borders in pursuit of the refugees.The personal security of the people of Chad is also very low. There has been fighting between the Tama and Zaghawa groups. The Zaghawa have been attacking the Tama in the Guereda area because of their ethnicity. Attacks have come in the form of lootings, gun fights, murder, and rape. Cattle are very important to the agricultural economy of Chad, and the Zaghawa have been stealing the Tama's cattle. There have also been tensions between the Arab and non-Arab people of Dar Sila, mostly over resources and access to water. The government of Chad has also been accused of corruption. Idriss Deby seized power by aligning himself with the Arab groups in Sudan, a group that later committed genocide on the people of his ethnicity, the Zaghawa, in Darfur.He also took the seat from the past president, dictator Hissene Habre in a military coup. The Zaghawa people are a very small population, however they are very rich and powerful because Deby is from that clan. He has given many government seats to the Zaghawa people. Idriss Deby also made an amendment to the constitution allowing him to run for a third term. He has also been accused of embezzlement of the country's oil revenue.
 * Safety and Rule of Law-38**

Chad does have a problem with human rights. The government is doing little to stop this. There have specifically been problems with groups targeting each other based on ethnicity. The problem in Chad is linked with the problem in Sudan. The Sudanese government has been supporting a group of Arabs called the Jan Jaweed who have been committing genocide against "Africans." Idriss Deby is from the Zaghawa clan, a group classified as "African" by the Jan Jaweed. Many "Africans" have crossed the border to find refuge in Chad, bringing the Jan Jaweed with them. The Sudanese government has also accused Deby of supporting the Sudanese rebel group JEM (Justice and Equality Movement) in their attempt to attack the government. Chad also has its own human rights issues. The Tama and Zaghawa have been fighting. The government has done little to stop it because many are Zaghawa people and they are trying to protect each other. Violence has been committed against the Tama, including robberies, murders, and rape. There have also been problems with women's rights. The Tama men of recruitable age have stopped working in the fields for fear of being a target. This leaves the women to do the field work, making them vulnerable to sexual violence. Participation in some of the past elections have been small. For instance, some elections have been boycotted in response to Deby altering the constitution.
 * Participation and Human Rights-23**

Chad's economy has improved since the exploitation of oil. Attempts have also been made to improve the country's infrastructure. There are 168,100 internet users.
 * Sustainable Economic Oppurtunity**- **32**

The life expectancy of people in Chad is one of the lowest in the world at 48 years. There is also a very high child mortality rate at 99 deaths per 1,000 births.Chad also has an HIV/AIDS problem with an adult prevalence rate of 3.4%, also one of the highest in the world. There is an estimation of 210,000 adults living with HIV/AIDS and an estimation of 11,000 deaths due to HIV/AIDS per year. There has also been problems with education in Chad. Attendance in primary school is 71%, secondary school is 15%, and only 1,500 students are attending the national university. Most schools are located in the south, where the non-Islamics live. The literacy rate is 25.7%.
 * Human Development- 23**

Works Cited "A bloody tit-for-tat; Sudan and Chad." //The Economist// [US] 17 May 2008: 60US. //Infotrac Newsstand//. Web. 28 Sep. 2011.

"Chad." //Global Issues in Context Online Collection//. Detroit: Gale, 2011. //Global Issues In Context//. Web. 28 Sep. 2011.

"Chad: Education." //Economist Intelligence Unit: Country ViewsWire// 20 June 2007. //Global Issues In Context//. Web. 29 Sep. 2011.

"Country and Chadian Stability [editorial]." //Africa News Service// 21 Feb. 2008. //Global Issues In Context//. Web. 29 Sep. 2011.

"In Chad, put refugees first." //Christian Science Monitor// 6 Feb. 2008: 8. //Global Issues In Context//. Web. 29 Sep. 2011.

"Libya, Chad Sign Education Agreement." //Tripoli Post// [Tripoli, Libya] 11 July 2010. //Global Issues In Context//. Web. 29 Sep. 2011.

// "They came here to kill us": militia attacks and ethnic targeting of civilians in Eastern Chad. // . New York: Human Rights Watch, 2007. Print.

"The World Fact Book- Chad." //Central Intelligence Agency//. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Sept. 2011. .