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__Jainism __ Language: The Jain people mainly live in India and originate from India. There are hundreds of languages spoken there. The 21 official languages include English, Hindi, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu (Official Languages of India). Therefore Jains can speak different languages depending on the part of India they are from.

Beliefs: Gaina Sutras is a sacred text of the Jains and includes the Akaranga Sutra (Gaina Sutras). These five vows form the core of Jain beliefs (Gaina Sutras). Ahimsa is the vow to refrain from hurting and killing all living things (Gaina Sutras). Satya is the vow to always speak honestly (Gaina Sutras). Asteya is the vow to refrain from stealing and having greed (Gaina Sutras). Brahmacharya is the vow to practice celibacy (Gaina Sutras). Asparigrah is the vow to worry less about worldly things (Gaina Sutras). Lord Mahavir is an important part of Jain religion, being the 24th Tirthankar because he taught the path of Jainism and attained nirvana (Lord Mahavir, 2). Mahavir was originally born as a prince in India but gave up the material world at age 30 (Lord Mahavir 2). For 12 years he witnessed and experienced many adversities and at the age of 42 be turned all-knowing (Lord Mahavir 2). He spread the teachings of Jainism until he died at the age of 72 and achieved nirvana (Lord Mahavir 2). Jains now celebrate this day as Diwali (Lord Mahavir 2). Another belief of Jainism is Syat Vaada ( Sukhabodhananda, Swami) . This teaches that everything is relative ( Sukhabodhananda, Swami) . If an opinion is absolute, then it implies that the person who the opinion has been made about is not a flowing being ( Sukhabodhananda, Swami) . However, all beings are flowing <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">( <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sukhabodhananda, Swami) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Therefore, in Syat Vaada, one must be open and make only relative opinions <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">( <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sukhabodhananda, Swami).

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Values: <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Jains strongly value all life, making non-violence a high priority ( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cavendish 1387) <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. They also value honesty, discipline, and self control ( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cavendish 1387) <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. These traits go with the 5 great vows of the Akaranga Sutra. The 24 Tirthankars are highly valued and respected due to their teaching of the Jain religion ( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cavendish 1384) <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. The 24 Tirthankars have achieved nirvana and are all-knowing ( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cavendish 1384) <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Behaviors: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Valuing all living things highly influences Jain behaviors <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cavendish 1387) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Jains do not eat and drink when it is dark, as bugs may be accidently eaten and killed <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cavendish 1387) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Meat cannot be consumed <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cavendish 1387) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Jains cannot go into the field of agriculture as they cannot dig the Earth <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cavendish 1387) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Jain monks may not bother the wind in any way such as snapping <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cavendish 1387) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. Rough swimming may damage water atoms so monks must only float in water if needed <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cavendish 1387) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">. They also cover their mouths with cloth to prevent harm to air atoms and use brooms to clear their path of bugs that could be killed by stepping on them <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cavendish 1385) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Cultural Change: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Transportation is a main factor of cultural change for Jainism. Even though Jains used to only live in India, now Jains can be found in any country due to the advances in transportation. Many Jains have now become less disciplined when it comes to non-violence in all living because of this change in area and more modernization. Technology has led to this increase in modernization as well. Planes and cars could be considered harming to bugs they kill and many Jains will not follow a strict diet. However, monks do continue to practice traditional Jainism in India.

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">Works Cited <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Cavendish, Richard, ed. "Jains." //Man, Myth, and Magic The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Mythology, Religion, and the Unknown//. New ed. Print. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">This source is important because it gives information about Jain values and behaviors such as how valuing all life leads to strict non-violence. It fulfils the print source requirement since it is an encyclopedia. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">"Gaina Sutras." //World Religions Reference Library//. Ed. Julie L. Carnagie, et al. Vol. 5: Primary Sources. Detroit: UXL, 2007. 137-147. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This source is important because it provides and English translation of the <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Akaranga Sutra which forms the core beliefs of Jainism. It is a primary document. <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">"Lord Mahavir." //Jain Story Book//. Comp. Jainuniversity. 2-3. //Jainuniversity.org//. 2004. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. <http://www.jainuniversity.org/html/PDFs/jainstorybook.pdf>. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">This source is important because it tells the story of Lord Mahavir, the <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">24th Tirthankar who taught the path of Jainism and attained nirvana. It is a primary document. <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">"Official Languages of India." //Free Encyclopedia & Web Portal on Indian Culture & Lifestyle//. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. <http://www.indianetzone.com/8/official_languages_india.htm>. <span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">This source is important because it helps explain what languages a Jain might speak due to the numerous languages spoken in India. It fulfills the secondary source requirement since it is a website. <span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">Sukhabodhananda, Swami. "Syat Vaada: the virtue of openness." //ETC.: A Review of General Semantics// 65.1 (2008): 52+. //Gale Student Resources In Context//. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. <span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">This source is important because it explains the Jain belief of Syat Vaada. It fulfills the academic journal requirement because it is an academic journal.