Laura+-+CA+-+SP10


 * Tutsi, Rwanda**


 * Primary Source 1**: Left to Tell: This primary source is valuable for it is a memoir of a survivor of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. Throughout the book culture was expressed by author Immaculee Ilibagiza, a Tutsi, who lived and grew up in the Tutsi culture.


 * Primary Source 2:** This picture shows many different aspects in the Tutsi culture, it shows both behaviors and beliefs. Both the basket and the rosary are values to the Tutsi's.




 * Journal**: "Trying times for Rwanda: reevaluating gacaca courts in post-genocide reconciliation." This journal expresses the struggles that the Tutsis had to go through. Through this journal the reaction of the Tutsi's was described helping readers to understand the thought process of the Tutsis.


 * Print Source:** Rwanda: Country Torn Apart: This was an important source because it provided information from a historical perspective. The book also provided the standard culture and continuous changes to the individuals.


 * Secondary Source:** Tutsi: This article was important and beneficial for it covered many cultural topics giving examples. This book on Gale talked mostly about the traditional culture.


 * Language**: The language of the Tutsi's are Kinyarwanda, also referred to as Kirundi in other languages. Some Tutsi's also speak Swahili. Although they are not native languages French and English are also practiced in Tutsi culture for the countries who speak these languages are the countries that came to their rescue in the 1994 genocide.


 * Beliefs**: The religion in the Tutsi culture is mostly Christians and particularly Catholics. This religion is practiced often, and is cherished. During the time of the 1994 genocide when the Tutsis seemed to have no hope in surviving against the Hutus, who were gruesomely murdering the Tutsis, the Tutsis relayed on prayer to God. Another strong belief is that the mixed marriage of Hutu and Tutsi cultures does not occur. These marriages of this sort are uncommon.


 * Values:** Tutsi's show their religion, kingship, or cattle through their attitudes. It is shown clearly that cattle are of importance in the Tutsis culture for the common hello is "amasho," which literal meaning is "may you be rich in cattle." Another example that shows the high values on the cattle would be how the king of Rwanda is called "the bill of the herd." Besides cattle, another value being more important in recent times is education. The government has the goal of provides free primary and secondary school education for all. Currently and traditionally Tutsis highly value music dancing and drumming in rural life. Also, Tutsis value their Tutsi friends and family. In times of need such as the genocide in 1994 the Tutsis first reaction was to gather with the people that they were close to, their Tutsi neighbors.


 * Behaviors**: Behavior of the Tutsi culture had much to do with the fact that traditionally Tutsis were cattle herders. The social status presented in the traditional culture was one could tell which social status one was in by posture, body language, and style of speech. The clothing worn consisted of women wearing dresses and headscarves, and men wear pants and shirts. In the past women wore many copper bracelets and anklets. Another hobby Tutsis is the sport soccer and is commonly played. Other hobbies consisted of basket work, pottery woodwork (making drums), metal work, and jewelry making crafting. Another contributes to the Tutsis behaviors are that since the majorities are Catholic the Christian holidays are celebrated.


 * Cultural Change effects:** The book Left to Tell is a good example of the cultural changes that many Tutsis are experiencing. It describes that since the 1994 genocide many Tutsis have learned English for the people who saved them spoke English, so this way they could communicate. This has lead to several cultural changes for now if a crisis would occur again instead of having one million people die before help is on the way one person can communicate to an outside country that help is needed. This cultural change is benefiting the Tutsis. Also from other countries helping out from the genocide the Rwandans were able to have some outside help that still is contributing to the average life span of the people in Rwanda. Some of these tools that the Tutsis inhabited were protection from malaria mosquitoes, and this has improved the life span of the Tutsis.

Bodnarchuk, Kari. Rwanda: Country Torn Apart. Minneapolis: Lerner, 2000. Ilibagiza, Immacule´e, and Steve Erwin. Left to tell: discovering God amidst the Rwandan holocaust. Carlsbad, Calif.: Hay House, 2006. Print. Longman, Timothy. "Trying times for Rwanda: reevaluating gacaca courts in post-genocide reconciliation." Harvard International Review 32.2 (2010): 48+. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Web. 27 Jan. 2011. "Tutsi." Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. Ed. Jeneen Hobby and Timothy Gall. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2009. 562-568. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 25 Jan. 2011. Umutesi, Marie Beatrice. "Is reconciliation between Hutus and Tutsis possible(THE DIFFICULT ROAD TO RECONCILIATION)." Journal of International Affairs 60.1 (2006): 157+. Student Resource Center - Gold. Web. 25 Jan. 2011.
 * Citation**

z