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History of Kenya- The Masai tribe migrated to Kenya in the 18th century. The Kikuyu people were already there. France was the main colonial power in the 19th century. Kenya was divided into German, British, and native Kenyan control. Kenya Colony was established in 1920's, run by the British. In 1952, a Kikuyu terrorist group demanded independance and revolted. They formed a political group to oppose England. Kenya became an independant country in 1963 with a prime minister, constitution, and social parties. Attempted political reform failed and country is still struggling today. http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ad21

Political- The Kenyan government has signed agreements with the World Bank to receive foreign investment for environmental protection projects. These projects will benefit Kenya and its surrounding countries by restoring the forest. Many hectares of forest will be given to foreign countries to pay for supplies/ debt. The government has denied forest tribe Ogieks the right to the forest that they have lived in for centuries. Ogieks have little control over who uses what i the forest. [|http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/KENYAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22174134~pagePK:1497618~piPK:217854~theSitePK:356509,00.html?cid=3001] []

Economic- Farmers have cut down forests to make room for their cash crops.The forest is a major source of income, less forest=less product=higher prices for the consumers in cities. Loggers are cutting down more than they should and not following price limitations both for buying land and equipment, and selling the lumber. [] []

Social- Forest dwelling people, Ogieks, are being pushed out and more people are moving in to the cleared forest areas. The Kenyan population is pushing in towards the forest and abuse it for charcoal. Tension builds between Ogieks and intrusive Kenyan people as they continue to destroy the forest. Deforestation causes flooding and homes are destroyed, leaving people with nothing. Bridges, houses, and buildings are destroyed, disrupting commutes and jobs. Sanitary facilities could be ruined, increasing the chance to spread diseases. [] [|%20East%20Africa%20|%20Kenya%20|%20KENYA:%20Thousands%20affected%20by&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irinnews.org%2FReport.aspx%3FReportId%3D61542]

The Future- -The Kenyan government could give the Ogiek people control over the Mau Forest. It would be their job to make sure that the land was distibuted evenly to farmers, loggers, themselves, and places for forest restoration. They, along with the Kenyan government, would protect it from anyone who would bring harm to the rest of the forest. This would settle tensions between the Ogieks and other Kenyans and give them their ancestral home back. - People could begin to rebuild what was destroyed by flooding and erosion. Run by the government, many new reconstruction jobs would be available for those living in poverty in urban areas. This would bring in money to help pay for necessities such as food and water. - Traditional farmers could start to use more efficient techniques that don't affect the environment. Using as much space as they can for planting crops, using all renewable waste such as seeds to replant and not buy more, and decomposing unusable waste for fertilization. Other farmers could replant trees to fill in what has been cut down. If these ideas were put to use, conditions would greatly improve in Kenya within 20 years. A steady economy, fueled by urban and rural areas, less poverty, and forest tribes remaining in and protecting their home. These can be accomplished all while ending environmental degredation.

History of South Africa- San and Khoekhoe tribal ancestors of South Africa. Dutch settler Jan van Riebeeck and 90 others were first to land at Cape of Good hope. sent by Dutch East India Company to set up an establishment for traders. A colony had formed and new governors sent people out to explore. they brought back descendants of early tribes as slaves. Control switched hands several times during 18th century- Dutch and British. 19th century war between british and native Xhosa, Xhosa defeated. several more battles ensued over the expansion of the Cape colony and its resources such as gold and diamonds. racial tensions began in early 1900's and escalated until 1948 when apartheid was officialy installed in the government. Hendrik Verwoerd was the man who institued apartheid, separating South African blacks into small controlled ghettos where they were severely oppressed until 1993. A steady democratic government has been leading South Africa since 1994 with its first election of Nelson Mandela, but many issues remain today. []

Political- The South African government has to begin a system to stop environmental degradation and deforestation now. if left unchecked, South Africa's economy would fall apart due to lack of resources. []

Economic- Clear cut forest areas are used for agriculture, logging, paper making, and mining. These industries are very important to South Africa's economy, but they are depleting its most important resource. Some of the corporations that used the land are no longer there but the damage remains. Tourism brings in a lot of profit to South Africa each year. The tourists come for the rainforest but if its gone, the economy would need something to bring in as much money as tourism. []

Social- Tribes and towns that live near the forested regions are trying to find ways to benefit from clear cutting. Since there are few laws to protect it, the forest is affected by communites who exploit it. Different social groups fight over who controls areas of the forest in their region. Less resources forces regions to shift to match the abundance of forest, which may shut down factories and raise prices. This would put economic stress on the community and could lead to violence. Social groups would have to migrate from forest to forest trying to find more resources. All the while, leaving what they had done to the forest behind. [] []

The Future- - If a social group is planning on migrating to a new region, they must plant a certain number of trees equal to that of which they chopped down. They also must take or dispose of anything they leave behind that could do further damage to the forest. If this were to be a law enforced by the South African government, the forest would gain hope of reviving and returning to what it once was. - If the government were to make strict laws to protect the forest, there would be a greater chance of success for it. These laws could include: conservaton, little industrial impact, time limits, replanting/ no clear cutting, and specific industry constrictions. - People in the forest areas should pay for the part of the forest they use. Different uses should have different costs depending on how much impact it has. If a certain amount of profit is reached from using said part of the forest, a percentage of that should go to the government. If there is a violation in the agreement to do this with the forest only in this section, a fine should be paid. The money collected should go to a fund to pay workers to replace old damages by planting trees.

Works Cited- Fig David,. "Environmental Flashpoints in South Africa." Group for Environmental Monitoring, Web. 24 Sep 2009. []. Percival Valerie, Homer-Dixon Thomas,. "Environmental Scarcity and Violent Conflict:." Oct 1995. Web. 24 Sep 2009. . "History of Kenya." //Historyworld.net//. Historyworld, Web. 24 Sep 2009. . Butler Rhett,. "LOCAL AND NATIONAL CONSEQUENCES." //Mongabay.com//. 17 Sep 2009. Web. 24 Sep 2009. . "A short history of South Africa." //SouthAfrica.info//. 24 Sep 2009. South Africa: Alive with possibiliy, Web. 24 Sep 2009. . Warutere Peter,. "World Bank and Kenya Government Sign Agreements for US$413 Million for Transport, Energy, Social Protection and Environment Projects." //Kenya//. 08 May 2009. The World Bank, Web. 24 Sep 2009. .
 * Obare Lynette, Wangwe J.B., . "Underlying Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Kenya." 1994. World Rainforest Movement, Web. 24 Sep 2009. .